Hopefully, you learned some valuable lessons from your first research paper.  The purpose of the first paper was to nail down the process.  This paper will require more of you than the “practice” paper did.  Proper formatting and accurate citations (both parenthetical and end notes) will count for 50% of the grade.  Furthermore, the thesis statement in this research paper will be developed by you.  No “canned” topics will be provided.  This paper will be a product of your prior literary knowledge and your ability to thoroughly research and convincingly present your topic.  THIS IS NOT A PERSONAL OPINION PAPER.

Study carefully ALL papers that you have been given which define a literary analysis.  Review the MLA/APA sites on my Edublog and the PowerPoints on my school site. Do an online search or get a MLA/APA book to come up with more help.  I repeat, in this paper those who do not properly site their research will have severe deductions.   Just putting down a website will get you zero points for citations.   Note that those who do not base the paper on research will not receive a passing grade, no matter how well written the paper is.   Also, watch your form and carefully follow ALL directions.  This paper with all its parts will end up being around 15% of your 2^nd quarter grade.  TAKE IT SERIOUSLY!!!

Requirements

LENGTH:

4-10 pages (6-10 for HONOR students).  15-25 points will be deducted per missing page.

SOURCES:

Minimum of 6 (8 for HONOR students).  One must be a book.  The rest can be from websites ONLY if they are authoritative sources.  NO BLOGS.  Deductions will be made for sources that do not qualify.  Books and journals are a safe bet.  Having more than the minimum amount of sources is a smart move.  Insurance.

SPECIFICATIONS:

Make certain you support your claim with in-text citations.

Have a clear thesis statement that gives your position and the main points that will be proved out by your paper.  Remember that the thesis statement is the skeleton that all else hangs on.  All in the thesis statement MUST be presented and nothing can be presented in your paper that is not announced in your thesis statement.  This should be ideally one sentence, but it can go to two.  It needs to be in your first paragraph, second if you use a literary device that putting the thesis statement in would violate (such as a direct quote).  HIGHLIGHT YOUR THESIS STATEMENT (5 POINTS DEDUCTED IF NOT HIGHLIGHTED).

Additionally, your paper must have a minimum of one of each of the following (HIGHLIGHT IN DIFFERENT COLORS EACH THE FIRST TIME YOU USE THEM):

block quote (no more than SIX lines per quote)

direct quote (short quote)

paraphrase (in your own words)

FORM:

Title page with title, name, class, period, and date

No pictures or graphs on this one

Double-spaced

1 inch margins (all around)

Proper paragraphing, grammar, punctuation, capitalization, etc.

No larger than 12 font (no crazy fonts)

Page designation (see MLA/APA rules)

DUE DATES:

NO PAYNTER POINTS ACCEPTED FOR LATE TURN-INS.  DUE DURING CLASS.

11-30 – Thesis due (PROJECT GRADE)

12-1 – 50% OFF

12-10 – Outline due (PROJECT GRADE)

12-11 – 50% OFF

12-18 – (early turn-in) 5% added to grade

1-5-10 – OFFICIAL Turn –in  (PROJECT GRADE X 4)

1-6-10 – 50% deduction

1-7-10 – 75% deduction

1-11 & 1-12 – DEFEND PAPER (PROJECT GRADE)

PREPARE A FIVE-MINUTE FORMAL PRESENTATION

THIS IS THE LAST WEEK OF CLASS.    THERE WILL BE A REVIEW AND A FINAL.

TURN-IN A COPY.  KEEP AN ORIGINAL.  ON THESE DATES I MUST HAVE HARD COPIES.  COMPUTER/PRINTER FAILURES ARE NOT AN EXCUSE.  DON’T RISK A 50% DEDUCTION.  DON’T WAIT UNTIL THE LAST MINUTE.  START NOW.

NO PRINTING IN CLASS ON DUE DATE.  DON’T ASK!!!

_______________________________                  _____________________________ Student Signature         & Date                  Parent Signature & Date

ATTACH THIS FORM TO YOUR RESEARCH PAPER

A Secondary MLA Writer’s

Reference Manual

2007-2008

Introduction

This manual is the style guide to be used by students of South Fayette School District. It

is based on the MLA format for writing and documenting research papers. This style guide is a

tool for teachers and students to use for the research process. It highlights the most commonly

used ways to document sources. For more in-depth information concerning the MLA format,

please consult one of the following sources used for this booklet. Please note that the following

examples look like an excerpt from a Works Cited page. They are in hanging bibliography

format, and they are in alphabetical order. If you have other questions about the MLA format

and they are not addressed in this booklet, please consult the first website listed.

Darling, Charles. A Guide for Writing Research Papers Based on Modern Language

Association (MLA) Documentation. 12 June 2002. 13 Feb. 2003

<http://webster.commnet.edu/mla/index.shtml>.

Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 5th ed. New York: The

Modern Language Association, 2001.

Hacker, Diana. A Writer’s Reference. 5th ed. New York: Bedford/St. Martins, 2003.

Sorenson, Sharon. A Quick Reference to the Research Paper. New York: Amsco, 1999.

Table of Contents

Sections Pages

Plagiarism ……………………….. ……………………………………………………………..1

Thesis Statement ……………………….. ……………………………………………………….1

Capitalization Rules for Titles ……………………….. …………………………………………2

Punctuation Rules for Titles ……………………….. ……………………………………………3

Documenting Sources with Parenthetical Citations.. ……………………………………………….4

Works Cited ……………………….. ……………………………………………………………5

Book by One Author ………………………………….. …………………………………………..5

Book by Two Authors ………………………………….. …………………………………………5

Book by Three Authors ………………………………….. ………………………………………..6

Book by Four or More Authors …………………………………… ……………………………….6

Book with No Author …………………………………… …………………………………………6

Book with an Editor or Editors ………………………………….. ………………………………..6

Book by a Corporate Author/Institution ………………………………….. ………………………7

An Article in a Reference Book ………………………………….. ……………………………….7

Book in a Series …………………………………… ……………………………………………….7

Multivolume Work ………………………………….. …………………………………………….8

Book Published in a Second/Subsequent Edition …………………………………… ……………..8

Works in an Anthology ………………………………….. ………………………………………..8

Pamphlet …………………………………… ………………………………………………………8

Article from a Magazine…………………………………….. ……………………………………..9

Newspaper Article …………………………………….. ……………………………………………9

Interview Printed in a Periodical …………………………………………………………………….. ……10

Interview Recorded/ Broadcast on Television/Radio …………………………………… …………10

Personal or Telephone Interview…………………………………… …………………………….10

Videotape or DVD …………………………………… ……………………………………………10

CQ Researcher …………………………………… ……………………………………………….11

Social Issues Resource Series (SIRS) ………………………………….. ………………………..11

World Wide Web Documentation/Internet ………………………………….. …………………..11

EBSCO ………………………………….. ……………………………………………………….11

SIRS DISCOVERER ………………………………….. …………………………………………12

Online Encyclopedia ………………………………….. …………………………………………12

An Entire Website …………………………………… ……………………………………………12

Corporate/Group Author ………………………………….. ……………………………………..12

Site with No Title ………………………………….. …………………………………………….13

Short Work from a Website …………………………………. …………………………………. 13

Generic On-Line Material Entry …………………………………. ………………………………13

CD- ROM …………………………………. ……………………………………………………..13

Rules for Formatting MLA Paper ……………………… ………….………………………….14

Page 1 of the Formal Paper …………………………………. ……………………………………14

General Paper Rules …………………………………. …………………………………………..14

Numbers in a Paper ………………………………… …………………………………………….14

Short Quotations in a Paper ………………………………… …………………………………….15

Long Quotations in a Paper ……………………………….. …………………………………….15

The Senior Graduation Paper ……………………. ………….………………………………..16

Title Page ……………………………….. ……………………………………………………….16

Acknowledgements Page ………………………………. ……………………………………….16

Table of Contents ………………………………. ……………………………………………….16

Personal Introduction ………………………………. ……………………………………………16

Review of Literature ………………………………. …………………………………………….16

The Formal Paper ……………………………… ………………………………………………..17

Personal Summary ……………………………… ……………………………………………….17

1

Plagiarism

Plagiarism is, either intentionally or unintentionally, taking someone else’s work and

using it as though it were your own. It is easy to avoid plagiarism as long as you remember you

must never use someone else’s ideas as if they were your own. Plagiarism is a serious offense

that may involve a failing grade or failing the course.

Hints for Avoiding Plagiarism

1. When you quote from a source, use quotation marks and give credit to the source.

2. When you reword or summarize a passage, give credit to the source.

3. When you use statistics, give credit to the source.

Of course, you do not have to cite your own ideas and interpretations of the material.

Thesis Statement

Most research assignments ask you to form a thesis, a statement of the main idea of the

paper, and to support that thesis with three well-organized lines of support or defense. The

thesis should be the last sentence of the introductory paragraph. Remember to use transitions as

you link the three points of your thesis together. Also, do not forget to restate your thesis as the

first sentence in your conclusion paragraph. When you restate your thesis, make sure to use

some different wording.

Sample Thesis Statements from South Fayette Graduation Projects

Smoking, using drugs, and drinking alcohol should be avoided during pregnancy because they

adversely affect the fetus and often contribute to its medical problems from infancy to

adulthood.

Jackie Kosik

The auditory, visual, and kinesthetic teaching methods are valuable ways for teachers to

enhance the learning process.

Christopher Smith

The three most important aspects of computer innovation during post-World War II include the

development of the Internet, the creation and advancement of Microsoft Windows Operating

System, and the improvement of memory and data storage in computers.

Joe Welch

2

In order to tolerate living with bipolar disorder, a person must obtain an understanding of the

disorder, cope with the symptoms of the disease, and find a better life through treatment.

Jen Laurin

Students who wish to write successful research papers must know as much as possible about the

library’s reference works, the online catalog of holdings, and must be knowledgeable about

finding useful Internet sources.

MLA Handbook for Writers of Research

Capitalization Rules for Titles

♦ Capitalize the first word and the last word of a title.

♦ Always capitalize the following parts of speech:

Nouns-Capitalize adventures in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.

Pronouns-Capitalize our in Save Our Children.

Verbs-Capitalize are in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead.

Adjectives-Capitalize ugly in The Ugly Duckling.

Adverbs-Capitalize down in Go Down, Moses.

♦ Capitalize subordinating conjunctions (for example: after, although, because, before, if,

until, and when) Capitalize if as in One If by Land.

Do not capitalize the following when they fall in the middle of a title:

♦ Articles (a, an, the as in The Old Man and the Sea)

♦ Prepositions (for example: about, in, on, to, between, of as in Lord of the Flies)

♦ Coordinating conjunctions (for example: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet as in Romeo and

Juliet)

Ignore capitalization of words in titles on the Internet because they are often incorrect. Use

proper MLA format rules for capitalization of titles.

3

Punctuation Rules for Titles

Underline or use italics for the following:

♦ Names of books (The Grapes of Wrath, Of Mice and Men)

♦ Names of plays (The Crucible, Hamlet)

♦ Long poems published as books (Paradise Lost)

♦ Names of pamphlets (Pennsylvania Driver Manual)

♦ Names of periodicals such as newspapers, magazines, journals (Wall Street Journal, Time)

♦ Names of films (Lord of the Rings, Schindler’s List)

♦ Names of radio and television shows (Dateline, Dawson’s Creek, Friends)

♦ Names of compact discs, audiocassettes, and record albums (A Place in the Sun)

♦ Names of musical productions (The Nutcracker)

♦ Names of paintings and works of sculpture (Mona Lisa, David)

♦ Names of ships, aircraft, and spacecraft (Titanic, Spirit of St. Louis, Columbia)

♦ Names of comic strips (Dilbert, Cathy)

♦ Names of software (PowerPoint, WordPerfect)

♦ Names of websites (Barron’s Online)

Titles in Quotation Marks

♦ Names of newspaper articles (“Rise in Aid to Education Is Proposed”)

♦ Names of magazine articles (“Oprah Interviews Elie Wiesel”)

♦ Names of encyclopedia articles (“Anorexia”)

♦ Names of essays in a book (“The Fiction of John Steinbeck”)

♦ Names of short stories (“The Bet,” “Where Have You Gone, Charming Billy?”)

♦ Names of poems (“The Raven,” “We Real Cool”)

♦ Names of chapters in books (“The American Economy before the Civil

War”)

♦ Internet article titles (“Steroid Use”)

4

Documenting Sources

The method of documentation used most frequently in high schools and colleges today is

called parenthetical citation or parenthetical documentation. Your research paper should have

many parenthetical citations because you must give credit to the person or source that provided

you with the information.

What should be cited with parenthetical citations?

♦ You must cite all direct quotations. Quotations from authorities such as professors, doctors,

researchers, and organizations are excellent support whether you are writing a persuasive or

informative research paper. Your quotation should be enclosed in quotation marks, and you

should comment on the quotation. You may also include a partial quotation in your

sentence. This is especially helpful if you are including a list.

♦ You must cite information that is paraphrased.

♦ You must cite statistics and other facts.

♦ You must cite cartoons, graphs, charts, or diagrams.

♦ You must cite a story you might include to illustrate a point.

♦ You must vary and integrate your parenthetical citations and not use them in every sentence.

Make sure that some of your paper is your analysis of the information.

You do not cite information considered common knowledge. Information that is common

knowledge is information that people already know or information that is considered to be

common knowledge because it is easily found in a number of sources.

How do I write a parenthetical citation?

♦ Typically the parenthetical citation includes the last name of the author and the page number

of the information. Once you end the sentence, put your parenthetical citation in parentheses

and include the page number. The period at the end of the sentence will be placed after the

parenthetical citation. There is no comma between the author’s last name and the page

number. The parenthetical citation refers to an entry on the Works Cited page. Anything

listed on the Works Cited page should have at least one parenthetical citation within the

paper.

Example-(Jones 5).

♦ If two or three names begin an entry give the last name of each person.

Example-(Hippert, Bisignani and Kosik 10).

♦ If there are more than three authors, give the first one followed by et al.

Example-(Hippert et al. 10).

5

♦ If you have more than one author with the same last name, use the first name initial.

Example-(J. Smith 100) and (M. Smith 12).

♦ If there is no author as is often the case with an internet article, write the name of the article

enclosed in quotation marks and then put the page number. If the Internet article has no

page numbers, number them yourself beginning with page one.

Example-(“How to Be an Excellent Student” 3).

♦ If you include the name of the author in the text, all you must include in the citation is the

page number.

Example-Bush has argued his point (2).

♦ It is possible to include multiple numbers in a citation.

Example-(“How to Be an Excellent Student” 10-11).

Works Cited

A Works Cited page should appear at the end of your research paper with the title Works

Cited. It is not bolded, italicized, underlined or written in a larger font. The Works Cited page

is an alphabetized, unnumbered list of the publication information of each of the sources you

used in your research paper. Do not include sources here that are not actually cited in your

paper. Creating a Works Cited page requires you to be very careful to follow all of the rules.

Works Cited Examples

Please note that all entries are double-spaced and use the hanging bibliography format

which indents the second and succeeding lines five spaces or one tab.

Book by One Author

Author (Last name, First name). Title of the Book. City of Publication: Publishing Company,

Copyright Date.

Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York: Penguin Books, 1995.

Book By Two Authors

Author (Last name, First name), and Author (First name Last name). Title of the Book. City of

Publication: Publishing Company, Copyright Date.

6

Hyde, Margaret O., and Elizabeth Forsyth. Suicide: The Hidden Epidemic. New York:

Houghton, 1999.

Book by Three Authors

Author (Last name, First name), Author (First name Last name), and Author (First name Last

name). Title of the Book. City of Publication: Publishing Company, Copyright Date.

Berry, Johnson, Jr., Jonathan Ford, and Tad Jones. Up From the Cradle of Jazz. Athens:

Random, 2000.

Book with Four or More Authors

Author (Last name, First name), et al. Title of the Book. City of Publication: Publishing

Company, Copyright Date.

Porter, Roy E., et al. The Writer’s Manual. Palm Springs: ETC, 2003.

Book with No Author

Title of the Book. Place of Publication: Publishing Company, Copyright Date. Flower

Arranging. Chicago: Simon, 2000.

Book with an Editor or Editors

Editor (Last name, First name), ed. Title of the Book. Place of Publication: Publishing

Company, Copyright Date.

Corning, Craig, ed. Bringing America Home. New York: Doubleday, 2001.

Neimiller, Jon, and Peggy Smith eds. Writer’s Encyclopedia. Cincinnati: Writer’s Digest,

2001.

7

Book by Corporate Author/Institution

A corporate author may be a commission, an association, or any other group whose individual

members are not identified on the title page.

Corporate Author/Institution. Title. Place of Publication: Publishing Company, Copyright

Date.

Reader’s Digest Association. America the Beautiful. New York: Reader’s Digest, 1997.

An Article in a Reference Book

Author (Last name, First name). “Article Title.” Title of Reference Book. edition.

McCormick, Jack. “Tree.” Collier’s Encyclopedia. 2002 ed.

“Computers.” Encyclopedia Americana. 1997 ed.

The name of the author will be found at the end of the article you used not on the title page. If

there is no author at the end of the article, begin with the title of the article.

“Computers.” Encyclopedia Americana. 2001 ed.

Book in a Series

Author (Last name, First name), ed. Title of the Book. Name of the Series. Place of

Publication: Publishing Company, Copyright Date.

An example of a book in a series is the Opposing Viewpoints series.

Dudley, William, ed. Genetic Engineering. Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven,

2002.

Mulchay, Robert. Diseases: Finding the Cure. Innovators. Minneapolis: Oliver, 1999.

8

Multivolume Work

Author (Last name, First name). Title of the Book. #vols. Place of Publication: Publishing

Company, Copyright Date.

Highlan, Joseph. Encyclopedia of Space Science. Illustrated ed. 2 vols. New York: Harper,

1997.

Book Published in a Second or Subsequent Edition

Author (Last name, First name). Title of the Book. # edition. Place of Publication: Publishing

Company, Copyright Date.

Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 5th ed. New York: The

Modern Language Association, 2001.

Work in an Anthology

Author (Last name, First name). Title of the Work. Title of the Anthology. Ed. Editor’s Name.

Place of Publication: Publishing Company, Copyright Date. Page or page numbers.

Note—At the end of the following entry, 221-76 means page numbers 221 through 276.

Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. Black Theater: A Twentieth-Century Collection of

the Work of Its Best Playwrights. Ed. Lindsay Patterson. New York: Dodd, 1971. 221-

76.

Pamphlet

Author (If available-Last Name, First name). Title. Place of Publication: Publishing Company,

Copyright Date.

Outsmarting Crime: A Guide to Safer Living. Washington: Washington State Criminal Justice

Training Commission, 2000.

9

Article from a Magazine

To cite a magazine that is published weekly or bi-weekly, give the complete date in the

following order: day, month, year. Abbreviate all months except for May, June, and July. Use

the following month abbreviations: Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., and Dec.

After the date write a colon (:) and the inclusive page numbers of the article. If the article is not

printed on consecutive pages, write the page number and a plus sign. Remember that names of

magazines are italicized and that magazine article titles are enclosed in quotation marks and are

not italicized.

If the magazine is published monthly or bi-monthly, give the month or months and the year.

Then use the same information for a weekly magazine.

Author (Last name, First name). “Title.” Magazine Day Month Year: page(s).

Smith, William. “It Turned Out to Be a Mistake.” Time 17 May 2000: 22-24.

Author (Last name, First name). “Title.” Magazine Month Year: page(s).

Jones, Gregg. “Hurray for South Fayette’s Little Green Machine!” Changing Times Nov.

2001: 10+.

Newspaper Article

Do not use the word “the” at the beginning of a newspaper title. Article titles are enclosed in

quotation marks and newspaper titles are italicized. Use the month abbreviations listed above

under magazine articles.

Author (Last name, First name). “Title of the Article.” Name of the Newspaper Day Month

Year, edition: section.

Smizik, Bob. “Reality Takes Bite Out of Steelers.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 11 Sept. 2002,

final ed.: C1.

10

Interview

Printed in a Periodical

Name (Last name, First name). Interview. Name of Periodical Day Month Year, edition:

section.

Gordimer, Nadine. Interview. New York Times 10 Dec. 2002, late ed.: C25.

Recorded or Broadcast on Television or Radio

Name (Last name, First name). Interview with Person. Name of Show. TV or Radio Station.

Location of Interview. Day Month Year.

Nader, Ralph. Interview with Ray Suarez. Talk of the Nation. Natl. Public Radio. WBUR,

Boston. 16 Apr. 1998.

Personal or Telephone Interview

Name of Person Interviewed (Last name, First name). Personal/Telephone Interview. Day

Month Year.

Pei, I. M. Personal interview. 22 July 1993.

Leyland, Jim. Telephone interview. 10 Dec. 2000.

Videotape or DVD

Title of Movie/Video. Dir. + Director’s Name (First Name Last Name). Perf. (Performers

Listed by First Name then Last Name with a comma between the names). Year movie

was made. For videotape or DVD, add “Videocassette” or DVD.” before the name of the

distributor. Distributor, Year of release.

Hamlet. Dir. Franco Ziffirelli. Perf. Mel Gibson, Glenn Close, Alan Bates, Paul Scoffield,

Helena Bonham Carter. 1990. Videocassette. Warner Bros, 1991.

11

CQ Researcher

Author (Last name, First name). “Article Title.” The CQ Researcher. Day Month Year:

Page(s).

Jost, Kenneth. “Rethinking the Death Penalty.” The CQ Researcher. 16 Nov. 2001: 945-986.

Social Issues Resource Series (SIRS)

Author (Last name, First name). “Article Title.” Name of Magazine Day Month Year

(Located in SIRS, Title of Collection, Volume + Number, No. + number of the article).

Mathey, Carol. “The Case for Sex Roles.” Time 10 Apr. 1993 (Located in SIRS, Women, Vol.

3, No. 72).

World Wide Web Documentation/Internet

Online Subscription Databases

In order to remove the underline from the electronic address/URL, right click on

the address, click hyperlink, click select hyperlink, click edit hyperlink, and then

click remove link.

Author of Article(Last name, First name). “Title of Article.” Name of Periodical Date of

publication: Number range for pages-if given. Name of Database. Name of Library

where information was accessed, City of the library. Date of access <Electronic

address/URL of database in angle brackets>.

Ebsco and Sirs Discoverer can be found in Power Library.

♦ EBSCO

Lanken, Dane. “When the Earth Moves.” Canadian Geographic March 1996: 66-73. Master

File Premier Online. EBSCO. South Fayette High School Library, McDonald, PA. 3 Feb.

2003 <http://web4epnet.com/delivery.asp?tb>.

12

♦ SIRS DISCOVERER

Madden, Gary. “Against All Odds.” Cricket Feb. 1998: 21-23. SIRS Discoverer. Sirs

Discoverer on the Web. South Fayette High School Library, McDonald, PA. 3 Sept.

2002 < http://www.sirs.com>.

Online Encyclopedia

Author (Last name, First name). “Title of the Subject.” Name of the Online

Encyclopedia. Year. Name of Encyclopedia Online. Day Month Year <Electronic

address/URL)>.

Miller, Jerry. “Owl.” Encyclopedia Americana Online. 2002. Grolier Online. 8 Feb. 2002

<http://go.grolier.com:80/>.

An Entire Website

Author (Last name, First name). Title. Date of publication. Date of access <Electronic

address/URL in angle brackets>.

Peterson, Susan Lynn. The Life of Martin Luther. 1999. 9 Mar. 2003

<http://pweb.netcom.com/~supeters/luther.htm>.

Corporate/Group Author

Name of Author or Corporate Author. Title. Date of publication. Date of Access <Electronic

address/URL in angle brackets>.

United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Values and Functions of Wetlands. 25

May 1999. 24 Aug. 2002 <http://www.epa.gov-owow/Wetlands/facts/fact2.html>.

13

Site with No Title

Author (Last name, First name). Home Page. Date of publication. Date of access <Electronic

address/URL in angle brackets>.

Block, Marylaine. Home Page. 5 Mar. 2003. 1 Apr. 2003 <http://www.marylaine.com>.

Short Work from a Website

Author (Last name, First name). “Title.” Title of the Site. Date of publication. Date of access

<Electronic address/URL in angle brackets>.

Shiva, Vandana. “Bioethics: A Third World Issue.” NativeWeb. 15 Sept. 2002. 25 Jan. 2003

<http://www.nativeweb.org/pages/legal/shiva.html>.

Generic On-Line Material Entry

Author (Last name, First name). “Title of Article.” Online Source. Date (Day Month

Year). Date of access Day Month Year <Electronic address/URL in angle brackets>.

Kaplan, Lisa Faye. “Workplace: On Job Interview, Make Your First Few Seconds Count.” The

Detroit News. 28 Feb. 1999. 22 Aug. 2002

<http://detnews.com/1999/accent/9702/28/02280028.htm>.

CD- ROM

“Title.” Name of the Medium. Number of edition +ed. (If available) CD-ROM. City of

Publication: Name of Publisher, Copyright Date.

“Charles Goodyear.” Discovering World History. CD-ROM. Detroit: GALE, 1997.

14

What are the rules for formatting an MLA format paper?

Page 1 of an MLA Formatted Paper

♦ Page 1 of the report needs to begin your header and page numbers. It will be a running head

one-half inch from the top.

♦ Page 1 of the report will have the following information one inch from the top on the left

side of the page and double-spaced:

Your first and last name

Your teacher’s name

The class

The date written as Day Month (no abbreviation) and Year (20–)

Example-3 January 2005

♦ Page 1 of the report then contains the title of your paper centered. Do not increase the font

of the title, do not bold it, do not italicize it, and do not underline it If your title contains a

subtitle, use a colon to separate them.

♦ Page 1 will contain your opening paragraph(s) that end with your thesis statement, the most

important sentence in your paper.

♦ Page 1 will begin your first of three lines.

General Paper Rules (Headers, Title Page, Margins, Double-Spacing, Inserting Tables)

♦ Continue using the header of your last name and page number through your Works Cited

page.

♦ Do not use a separate title page unless your teacher requests that you have one.

♦ Top, bottom, and side margins should be one inch.

♦ The entire paper is double-spaced, including the heading and the Works Cited page.

♦ You may insert tables and illustrations by the text to which they refer. Label them Table or

Illustration (+ number if you use more than one), give them a title, double-space the table,

and use a parenthetical citation below the table or illustration.

Numbers in a Paper

♦ Spell out numbers of one or two words or numbers that begin a sentence. Do not use a

numeral at the beginning of a sentence. Use figures for numbers that require more than two

words to spell out. Numerals may be used if the paper uses a lot of numbers, such as a mathrelated

paper.

15

Quotations in a Paper

♦ Quotations from authorities are excellent to use for support. When you use a quotation,

remember to use quotation marks. You may include the entire quotation or parts of a

quotation.

Example of an entire quotation:

“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,” wrote Charles Dickens of the eighteenth

century (35).

Example of a partial quotation:

For Charles Dickens the eighteenth century was both “the best of times” and “the worst of

times” (35).

♦ If the quotation is longer than four typed lines, set it off by beginning a new line that is

indented ten spaces or one inch from the left margin, type it double-spaced, do not include

quotation marks, and put a parenthetical citation after it. Note that the punctuation at the end

of the sentence is placed before the parenthetical citation in an indented quotation.

Example of a quotation longer than 4 lines

At the conclusion of William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, Ralph and the other boys realize

the horror of their actions:

The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for

the first time on the island; great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to

wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning

wreckage of the island; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to

shake and sob too. (186)

Note—The name of the author does not appear in the parenthetical citation because it appears in

the sentence introducing the quotation.

16

The Senior Graduation Project

The Senior Graduation Project paper should contain the following components:

1. Title Page

The title page of the project includes the following: formal title of the paper, the student’s

name, Senior Graduation Project- In partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation

from South Fayette High School, and the date of your presentation. This information should

be spaced appropriately on the page and should be free from spelling, punctuation,

capitalization, and grammar errors. It may contain a picture or border to enhance its

appearance.

2. Acknowledgements Page

An acknowledgements page is one that recognizes and thanks those who assisted the student

with the project (advisor, mentor, teachers, peers). This page should acknowledge all people

who were supportive during this four-year project. The acknowledgement page is doublespaced,

should be written in a formal tone and should be free from spelling, punctuation,

capitalization, and grammar errors.

3. Table of Contents

Your graduation project must contain a Table of Contents that is titled and lists the major

sections of the paper with the corresponding page numbers. The title and acknowledgements

page are not included in the Table of Contents. The Table of contents page is double-spaced

and is free from spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and grammar errors.

4. Personal Introduction

This will be the first numbered page of your project. The header of this page should have

your last name and 1. This page will document the process in which the student has engaged

during this four-year endeavor. This page has a title, is written in the first person, and is

double-spaced. The information in this section provides the reader with a clear

understanding as to how and why this topic was selected. It should be a minimum of one

full page in length and should be written in a formal tone. The page(s) should be free of

spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and grammar errors.

5. Review of Literature

This page will also contain your last name and page number as the header. This page

contains a review of the sources of the information that have been used for this project. This

section has a title, may be written in the first person, and is double-spaced. The student will

17

discuss the viewpoints that were expressed in the various sources and how they shaped and

molded the ideas for the final project. This section is a minimum of one full page in length

and should be written in a formal tone. The page should be free of spelling, punctuation,

capitalization, and grammar errors.

6. The Formal Paper

The paper should contain the following heading: Your name, your advisor’s name, Senior

Graduation Project, and the date written as Day Month and Year on separate lines, doublespaced,

beginning one inch from the top of the first page and flush with the left margin. Use

the date that you will do your presentation in front of your panel. The page should also have

your last name and the page that follows your Review of Literature. Please make certain

that your thesis statement appears as the last sentence in your opening paragraph(s). Proceed

through your paper linking your three points or lines of defense with transitions. Integrate

the information from your sources. Your last paragraph should have your restated thesis as

your topic sentence.

7. Personal Summary

This page will be the last numbered page of your project. The header of this page should

have your last name and the last page of your project. This page will explain what the

author has learned as a result of the process and the research. This page has a title, is written

in the first person, and is double-spaced. It should be a minimum of one full page in length.

The page should be free of spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and grammar errors.

Note-Many colleges and universities require students to use the APA (American Psychological

Association) method of documentation. This method is slightly different than the MLA

(Modern Language Association) method used in high schools. Once you have mastered the

MLA method it is easy to adapt to the requirements of the APA method of documentation.

(Developed by Mrs. Christine Kosik and reviewed by members of the English Department during the 2006 –

2007 school year)

Brought to you by the Purdue University Online Writing Lab.

Modern Language Association (MLA) format provides writers with a system for cross-referencing their sources–from their parenthetical references to their works cited page. This

cross-referencing system allows readers to locate the publication information of source material. This is of great value for researchers who may want to locate your sources for their own

research projects. The proper use of MLA style also shows the credibility of writers; such writers show accountability to their source material. Most importantly, the use of MLA style can

protect writers from accusations of plagiarism–the purposeful or accidental use of source material by other writers without giving appropriate credit.

If you are asked to use MLA format, the book to consult is The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (5th edition). Copies of this book are on the reference shelves in the Writing

Lab (226 Heavilon Hall) and in the HSSE Library; it is also widely available in bookstores, libraries, and at the MLA web site at http://www.mla.org. Included here is a brief summary of

MLA style for the research paper.

Paper Format

Your essay should be typed, double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5 X 11 inches) with margins of 1 inch on all sides. Unless requested, a title page is unnecessary. Instead, you should

provide a double-spaced entry in the top left corner of the first page that lists your name, your instructor’s name, the course, and the date. Create a header that numbers all pages consecutively

in the upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor may ask that you omit the number on your first page. Always follow your

instructor’s guidelines.) Then center your title on the line below the header with your name, and begin your essay immediately below the title. For example:

Purdue 1

Pete Purdue

Dr. B. Boilermaker

English 101

12 November 2000

Building a Dream: Reasons to Expand Ross-Aide Stadium

During the 2000 football season, the Purdue Boilermakers won the Big Ten

Conference Title, earned their first trip to the Rose Bowl in thirty-four years,

and played consistently to sold-out crowds. Looking ahead…

Your works cited list should begin on a separate page from the text of the essay under the label Works Cited (with no quotation marks, underlining, etc.), centered at the top of the page.

Double space all entries, with no skipped spaces between entries. Notes, if any, should be formatted similarly and should appear on a page before the works cited page. Keep in mind that

underlining and italics are equivalent; you should select one or the other to use throughout your essay.

Your Works Cited List

This list, alphabetized by the first word in each entry (usually the author’s last name), should appear at the end of your essay. It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and

be able to read any sources you cite in the essay. Each source you cite in the essay must appear in your works-cited list; likewise, each entry in the works-cited list must be cited in your text.

Basic Rules

Authors’ names are inverted (last name first); if a work has more than one author, invert only the first author’s name, follow it with a comma, then continue listing the rest of the

authors. If you have cited more than one work by a particular author, order them alphabetically by title, and use three hyphens in place of the author’s name for every entry after the

first. When an author appears both as the sole author of a text and as the first author of a group, list solo-author entries first.

If no author is given for a particular work, alphabetize by the title of the piece and use a shortened version of the title for parenthetical citations.

The first line of each entry in your list should be flush left. Subsequent lines should be indented one-half inch. This is known as a hanging indent.

All references should be double-spaced.

Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc. This rule does not apply to articles, short prepositions, or conjunctions unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle.

Underline or italicize titles of books, journals, magazines, newspapers, and films.

Use quotation marks around the titles of articles in journals, magazines, and newspapers. Also use quotation marks for the titles of short stories, book chapters, poems, and songs.

List page numbers efficiently, when needed. If you refer to a journal article that appeared on pages 225 through 250, list the page numbers on your Works Cited page as 225-50.

Basic Forms for Sources in Print

The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers provides extensive examples covering a wide variety of potential sources. If your particular case is not covered here, use the basic forms

to determine the correct format, consult the MLA Handbook, or call or email the Writing Lab (765-494-3723) for help.

A book

Author(s). Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of

Publication.

Book with one author

Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. Denver: MacMurray, 1999.

Two books by the same author

(After the first listing of the author’s name, use three hyphens and a period for the author’s name. List books alphabetically.)

Palmer, William J. Dickens and New Historicism. New York:

St. Martin’s, 1997.

—. The Films of the Eighties: A Social History. Carbondale:

Southern Illinois UP, 1993.

Book with more than one author

Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide

to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, 2000.

N.B. If there are more than three authors, you may list only the first author followed by the phrase et al. (the abbreviation for the Latin phrase “and others”) in place of the other authors’

names, or you may list all the authors in the order in which their names appear on the title page.

Book with a corporate author

American Allergy Association. Allergies in Children. New York: Random, 1998.

Book or article with no author named

Encyclopedia of Indiana. New York: Somerset, 1993.

“Cigarette Sales Fall 30% as California Tax Rises.” New York Times

14 Sept. 1999: A17.

N.B. For parenthetical citations of sources with no author named, use a shortened version of the title instead of an author’s name. Use quotation marks and underlining as appropriate. For

example, parenthetical citations of the two sources above would appear as follows: (Encyclopedia 235) and (”Cigarette” A17).

Anthology or collection

Peterson, Nancy J., ed. Toni Morrison: Critical and Theoretical Approaches.

Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997.

A part of a book (such as an essay in a collection)

Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Collection. Ed. Editor’s

Name(s). Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Pages.

Essay in a collection

Harris, Muriel. “Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers.”

A Tutor’s Guide: Helping Writers One to One. Ed. Ben Rafoth.

Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2000. 24-34.

Cross-referencing: If you cite more than one essay from the same edited collection, you should cross-reference within your works cited list in order to avoid writing out the publishing

information for each separate essay. To do so, include a separate entry for the entire collection listed by the editor’s name. For individual essays from that collection, simply list the author’s

name, the title of the essay, the editor’s last name, and the page numbers. For example:

L’Eplattenier, Barbara. “Finding Ourselves in the Past: An Argument

for Historical Work on WPAs.” Rose and Weiser 131-40.

Peeples, Tim. “‘Seeing’ the WPA With/Through Postmodern Mapping.”

Rose and Weiser 153-167.

Rose, Shirley K., and Irwin Weiser, eds. The Writing Program

Administrator as Researcher. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann,

1999.

Article from a reference book

“Jamaica.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 1999 ed.

An article in a periodical (such as a newspaper or magazine)

Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Source Day Month Year: pages.

N.B. When citing the date, list day before month; use a three-letter abbreviation of the month (e.g. Jan., Mar., Aug.). If there is more than one edition available for that date (as in an early and

late edition of a newspaper), identify the edition following the date (e.g. 17 May 1987, late ed.).

Magazine or newspaper article

Poniewozik, James. “TV Makes a Too-Close Call.” Time 20 Nov. 2000: 70-71.

Trembacki, Paul. “Brees Hopes to Win Heisman for Team.” Purdue Exponent

5 Dec. 2000: 20.

An article in a scholarly journal

Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Vol (Year): pages.

N.B. “Vol” indicates the volume number of the journal. If the journal uses continuous pagination throughout a particular volume, only volume and year are needed, e.g. Modern Fiction

Studies 40 (1998): 251-81. If each issue of the journal begins on page 1, however, you must also provide the issue number following the volume, e.g. Mosaic 19.3 (1986): 33-49.

Essay in a journal with continuous pagination

Allen, Emily. “Staging Identity: Frances Burney’s Allegory of Genre.”

Eighteenth-Century Studies 31 (1998): 433-51.

Essay in a journal that pages each issue separately

Duvall, John N. “The (Super)Marketplace of Images: Television as

Unmediated Mediation in DeLillo’s White Noise.” Arizona Quarterly

50.3 (1994): 127-53.

Basic Forms for Electronic Sources

The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers provides extensive examples covering a wide variety of potential sources. If your particular case is not covered here, use the basic forms

to determine the correct format, consult the MLA Handbook, or call the Writing Lab (765-494-3723) for help.

If no author is given for a web page or electronic source, start with and alphabetize by the title of the piece and use a shortened version of the title for parenthetical

citations.

A web site

N.B. It is necessary to list your date of access because web postings are often updated, and information available at one date may no longer be available later. Be sure to include the complete

address for the site. Also, note the use of angled brackets around the electronic address; MLA requires them for clarity.

Author(s). Name of Page. Date of Posting/Revision. Name of institution/organization

affiliated with the site. Date of Access <electronic address>.

Web site example

Felluga, Dino. Undergraduate Guide to Literary Theory. 17 Dec. 1999. Purdue University.

15 Nov. 2000 <http://omni.cc.purdue.edu%7Efelluga/theory2.html>.

An article on a web site

N.B. It is necessary to list your date of access because web postings are often updated, and information available at one date may no longer be available later. Be sure to include the complete

address for the site. Also, note the use of angled brackets around the electronic address; MLA requires them for clarity.

Author(s).”Article Title.” Name of web site. Date of posting/revision. Name of

institution/organization affiliated with site. Date of access <electronic address>.

Article on a web site

Poland, Dave. “The Hot Button.” Roughcut. 26 Oct. 1998. Turner Network Television.

28 Oct. 1998 <http://www.roughcut.com>.

An article in an online journal or magazine

Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume. Issue

(Year): Pages/Paragraphs. Date of Access <electronic

address>.

N.B. Some electronic journals and magazines provide paragraph or page numbers; include them if available. This format is also appropriate to online magazines; as with a print version, you

should provide a complete publication date rather than volume and issue number.

Online journal article

Wheelis, Mark. “Investigating Disease Outbreaks Under a Protocol to the

Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention.” Emerging Infectious Diseases

6.6 (2000): 33 pars. 5 Dec. 2000

<http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol6no6/wheelis.htm>.

E-mail

Author. “Title of the message (if any)” E-mail to the author. Date of the message.

N.B. This same format may be used for personal interviews or personal letters. These do not have titles, and the description should be appropriate. Instead of “Email to John Smith,” you

would have “Personal interview.”

E-mail to you

Kunka, Andrew. “Re: Modernist Literature.” E-mail to the author. 15 Nov. 2000.

Email communication between two parties, not including the author

Neyhart, David. “Re: Online Tutoring.” E-mail to Joe Barbato. 1 Dec. 2000.

A listserv posting

Author. “Title of Posting.” Online posting. Date when material was posted

(for example: 14 Mar. 1998). Name of listserv.

Date of access <electronic address for retrieval>.

Online Posting

Karper, Erin. “Welcome!” Online posting. 23 Oct. 2000. Professional Writing

Bulletin Board. 12 Nov. 2000

<http://linnell.english.purdue.edu/ubb/Forum2/HTML/000001.html>.

An electronic database

Author. “Title of Article.” Relevant information for the database. Date of access

<electronic address for retrieval>.

Provide the bibliographic data for the original source as for any other of its genre, then add the name of the database along with relevant retrieval data (such as version number and/or

transcript or abstract number).

Article in a reference database on CD-ROM

“World War II.” Encarta. CD-ROM. Seattle: Microsoft, 1999.

Article from a periodically published database on CD-ROM

Reed, William. “Whites and the Entertainment Industry.”

Tennessee Tribune 25 Dec. 1996: 28. Ethnic

NewsWatch. CD-ROM. Data Technologies. Feb. 1997.

Other Types of Sources

Government publication

United States Dept. of Health and Human Services. Healthy People

2010:Understanding and Improving Health. Washington: GPO, 2000.

Pamphlet

Office of the Dean of Students. Resources for Success: Learning

Disabilities and Attention Deficit Disorders. West Lafayette,

IN: Purdue University, 2000.

Interview that you conducted

Purdue, Pete. Personal Interview. 1 Dec. 2000.

Advertisement

Lufthansa. Advertisement. Time 20 Nov. 2000: 151.

Television or radio program

“The Blessing Way.” The X-Files. Fox. WXIA, Atlanta. 19 Jul. 1998.

Sound recording

U2. All That You Can’t Leave Behind. Interscope, 2000.

Film

The Usual Suspects. Dir. Bryan Singer. Perf. Kevin Spacey,

Gabriel Byrne, Chazz Palminteri, Stephen Baldwin, and

Benecio del Toro. Polygram, 1995.

Advertisement

Staples. Advertisement. CBS. 3 Dec. 2000.

Handling Quotations In Your Text

Author’s Name

MLA format follows the author-page method of citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation is taken must appear in the text, and a

complete reference should appear in your works-cited list (see Your Works Cited Page, below). The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the

quotation, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence.

Examples:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful

feelings” (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”

(Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in

the creative process (263).

For nonprint (films, TV series, etc.) or electronic sources, try to include the name that begins the entry in the Works Cited page.

Sometimes you may have to use an indirect quotation, that is, a quotation that you found in another source that was quoting from the original. For such indirect quotations, use “qtd. in” to

indicate the source:

Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as “social service centers, and

they don’t do that well” (qtd.in Weisman 259).

Sometimes more information is necessary to identify the source from which a quotation is taken. For instance, if two or more authors have the same last name, provide both authors’ first

initials (or even her or his full name if different authors share initials) in your citation. If you cite more than one work by a particular author, include a shortened title for the particular work

from which you are quoting to distinguish it from the other works by that same person.

Examples:

Two authors with the same last name:

Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children

(R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this

consideration (A. Miller 46).

Two works by the same author:

Lightenor has argued that computers are not useful tools for small children (”Too Soon” 38),

though he has acknowledged that early exposure to computer games does lead to better

small motor skill development in a child’s second and third year (”Hand-Eye Development” 17).

Short Quotations

To indicate short quotations (fewer than four typed lines of prose or three lines of verse) in your text, enclose the quotation within double quotation marks and incorporate it into your text.

Provide the author and specific page citation (in the case of verse, provide line numbers) in the text, and include a complete reference in the works-cited list. Punctuation marks such as

periods, commas, and semicolons should appear after the parenthetical citation. Question marks and exclamation points should appear within the quotation marks if they are a part of the

quoted passage but after the parenthetical citation if they are a part of your text.

Examples:

According to some, dreams express “profound aspects of personality” (Foulkes 184), though

others disagree.

According to Foulkes’s study, dreams may express “profound aspects of personality” (184).

Is it possible that dreams may express “profound aspects of personality” (Foulkes 184)?

Cullen concludes, “Of all the things that happened there/ That’s all I remember” (11-12).

Long Quotations

Place quotations longer than four typed lines in a free-standing block of typewritten lines, and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented one inch from the left margin,

and maintain double-spacing. Your parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark. When quoting verse, maintain original line breaks. (You should maintain

double-spacing throughout your essay.)

Examples:

Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration:

They entirely refused to have it in bed with them,

or even in their room, and I had no more sense, so,

I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping

it would be gone on the morrow. By chance,

or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to

Mr. Earnshaw’s door, and there he found it on quitting

his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got

there; I was obliged to confess, and in recompense

for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house.

(Bronte 78)

In “Sources,” Adrienne Rich explores the roles of women in shaping their world:

The faithful drudging child

the child at the oak desk whose penmanship,

hard work, style will win her prizes

becomes the woman with a mission, not to win prizes

but to change the laws of history. (23)

Adding or Omitting Words In Quotations

If you add a word or words in a quotation, you should put brackets around the words to indicate that they are not part of the original text. For example:

Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: “some individuals

[who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale” (78).

If you omit a word or words from a quotation, you should indicate the deleted word or word by using ellipsis marks surrounded by brackets. For example:

In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that “some individuals make a

point of learning every recent rumor or tale [...] and in a short time a lively exchange

of details occurs” (78).

Note: If there are ellipsis marks in the quoted author’s work, do not put brackets around them; only use brackets around ellipsis marks to distinguish them from ellipsis marks in the quoted

author’s work.

A Note on Footnotes and Endnotes

Because long explanatory notes can be distracting to readers, most academic style guidelines (including MLA and APA) recommend limited use of footnotes/endnotes. An exception is

Chicago-style documentation, which relies on notes for all citations as well as explanatory notes. But even in that case, extensive discursive notes are discouraged. Proper use of notes would

include:

1. evaluative bibliographic comments, for example:

1 See Blackmur, especially chapters three and four, for an insightful analysis of this trend.

2 On the problems related to repressed memory recovery, see Wollens pp. 120-

35; for a contrasting view, see Pyle.

2. occasional explanatory notes or other brief additional information that would seem digressive if included in the main text but might be interesting to readers, for example:

3 In a 1998 interview, she reiterated this point even more strongly: “I am an

artist, not a politician!” (Weller 124).

Footnotes in MLA format are indicated by consecutive superscript arabic numbers in the text. The notes themselves are listed by consecutive superscript arabic numbers and appear

double-spaced in regular paragraph format (a new paragraph for each note) on a separate page under the word Notes (centered, in plain text without quotation marks).

Revised by Jennifer Liethen Kunka and Joe Barbato, Purdue University, December 2000.

The following information must remain intact on every handout printed for distribution.

This page is located at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/research/r_mla.html

Copyright ©1995-2002 by OWL at Purdue University and Purdue University. All rights reserved.

Use of this site, including printing and distributing our handouts, constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use, available at

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/lab/fairuse.html.

To contact OWL, please visit our contact information page at

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/lab/contact.html to find the right person to call or email.

1. Write in the present tense.

EXAMPLE: In Faulkner’s “A Rose for Emily,” the townspeople visit Emily Grierson’s house because it smells bad.

NOT: In Faulkner’s “A Rose for Emily,” the townspeople visited Emily Grierson’s house because it smelled bad.

2. Normally, keep yourself out of your analysis; in other words, use the third person (no I or you). Some instructors may require or allow the first or second person in an informal analysis if the usage is consistent, however, so check with your instructor.

FIRST PERSON: I believe that the narrator in “Sonny’s Blues” is a dynamic character because I read many details about the changes in his attitude toward and relationship with Sonny.

THIRD PERSON: The narrator in “Sonny’s Blues” is a dynamic character who changes his attitude toward and relationship with Sonny as the story progresses.

SECOND PERSON: At the end of “Everyday Use,” Mama realizes that Maggie is like her but has not received the attention you should give your daughter to help her attain self-esteem.

THIRD PERSON: At the end of “Everyday Use,” Mama realizes that Maggie is like her but has not received enough attention to build self-esteem.

3. Avoid summarizing the plot (i.e., retelling the story literally). Instead analyze (form a thesis about and explain) the story in literary terms.

PLOT SUMMARY: In Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Tell-Tale Heart,” the mad narrator explains in detail how he kills the old man, who screams as he dies. After being alerted by a neighbor, the police arrive, and the madman gives them a tour through the house, finally halting in the old man’s bedroom, where he has buried the man beneath the floor planks under the bed. As he is talking, the narrator hears what he thinks is the old man’s heart beating loudly, and he is driven to confess the murder.

ANALYSIS: Though the narrator claims he is not mad, the reader realizes that the narrator in “The Telltale Heart” is unreliable and lies about his sanity. For example, the mad narrator says he can hear “all things in the heaven and in the earth.” Sane people cannot. He also lies to the police when he tells them that the shriek they hear occurs in his dream. Though sane people do lie, most do not meticulously plan murders, lie to the police, and then confess without prompting. Finally, the madman is so plagued with guilt that he hears his own conscience in the form of the old man’s heart beating loudly. Dead hearts do not beat, nor do sane people confuse their consciences with the sounds of external objects.

4. Include a clear thesis statement which addresses something meaningful about the literature, often about the theme. (See separate thesis handout.)

NONLITERARY TERMS: To show that women are important, Adrienne Rich writes about Aunt Jennifer and the tigers that she creates in her needlework.

LITERARY TERMS: The poem “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers” contains vivid images and symbols which reveal a feminist perspective.

6. Do not confuse characters’ (in fiction or drama) or speakers’ (in poetry) viewpoints with authors’ viewpoints.

AUTHOR: As a black woman, Eudora Welty faces racism in “A Worn Path.” (Eudora Welty, the author, was not black.)

CHARACTER: As a black woman, Old Phoenix faces racism in “A Worn Path.” (Old Phoenix, a character, is black.)

POET: In “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,” Robert Frost is tempted to drift into his subconscious dream world, yet he knows he has other obligations to fulfill when he states, “But I have promises to keep, / And miles to go before I sleep.” (The pronoun “I” refers to the speaker of the poem, not to Robert Frost, the poet.)

SPEAKER: In “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,” the speaker is tempted to drift into his subconscious dream world, yet he knows he has other obligations to fulfill when he states, “But I have promises to keep, / And miles to go before I sleep.” (Here the “I” correctly refers to the speaker of the poem.)

7. Support your points with many quotations and paraphrases, but write the majority of your paper in your own words with your own ideas.

© 2001 by Sierra College

Copyright Policy: Web site visitors are free to download or reproduce these materials for educational purposes. However, without prior written permission from the Sierra College Writing Center staff and Sierra College, these materials may not be published or otherwise reproduced for profit.

Return to Writing Center Materials

Hopefully, you learned some valuable lessons from your first research paper.  The purpose of the first paper was to nail down the process.  This paper will require more of you than the “practice” paper did.  Proper formatting and accurate citations (both parenthetical and end notes) will count for 50% of the grade.  Furthermore, the thesis statement in this research paper will be developed by you.  No “canned” topics will be provided.  This paper will be a product of your prior literary knowledge and your ability to thoroughly research and convincingly present your topic.  THIS IS NOT A PERSONAL OPINION PAPER.

Study carefully ALL papers that you have been given which define a literary analysis.  Review the MLA/APA sites on my Edublog and the PowerPoints on my school site. Do an online search or get a MLA/APA book to come up with more help.  I repeat, in this paper those who do not properly site their research will have severe deductions.   Just putting down a website will get you zero points for citations.   Note that those who do not base the paper on research will not receive a passing grade, no matter how well written the paper is.   Also, watch your form and carefully follow ALL directions.  This paper with all its parts will end up being around 15% of your 2^nd quarter grade.  TAKE IT SERIOUSLY!!!

Requirements

LENGTH:

4-10 pages (6-10 for HONOR students).  15-25 points will be deducted per missing page.

SOURCES:

Minimum of 6 (8 for HONOR students).  One must be a book.  The rest can be from websites ONLY if they are authoritative sources.  NO BLOGS.  Deductions will be made for sources that do not qualify.  Books and journals are a safe bet.  Having more than the minimum amount of sources is a smart move.  Insurance.

SPECIFICATIONS:

Make certain you support your claim with in-text citations.

Have a clear thesis statement that gives your position and the main points that will be proved out by your paper.  Remember that the thesis statement is the skeleton that all else hangs on.  All in the thesis statement MUST be presented and nothing can be presented in your paper that is not announced in your thesis statement.  This should be ideally one sentence, but it can go to two.  It needs to be in your first paragraph, second if you use a literary device that putting the thesis statement in would violate (such as a direct quote).  HIGHLIGHT YOUR THESIS STATEMENT (5 POINTS DEDUCTED IF NOT HIGHLIGHTED).

Additionally, your paper must have a minimum of one of each of the following (HIGHLIGHT IN DIFFERENT COLORS EACH THE FIRST TIME YOU USE THEM):

block quote (no more than SIX lines per quote)

direct quote (short quote)

paraphrase (in your own words)

FORM:

Title page with title, name, class, period, and date

No pictures or graphs on this one

Double-spaced

1 inch margins (all around)

Proper paragraphing, grammar, punctuation, capitalization, etc.

No larger than 12 font (no crazy fonts)

Page designation (see MLA/APA rules)

DUE DATES:

NO PAYNTER POINTS ACCEPTED FOR LATE TURN-INS.  DUE DURING CLASS.

11-30 – Thesis due (PROJECT GRADE)

12-1 – 50% OFF

12-10 – Outline due (PROJECT GRADE)

12-11 – 50% OFF

12-18 – (early turn-in) 5% added to grade

1-5-10 – OFFICIAL Turn –in  (PROJECT GRADE X 4)

1-6-10 – 50% deduction

1-7-10 – 75% deduction

1-11 & 1-12 – DEFEND PAPER (PROJECT GRADE)

PREPARE A FIVE-MINUTE FORMAL PRESENTATION

THIS IS THE LAST WEEK OF CLASS.    THERE WILL BE A REVIEW AND A FINAL.

TURN-IN A COPY.  KEEP AN ORIGINAL.  ON THESE DATES I MUST HAVE HARD COPIES.  COMPUTER/PRINTER FAILURES ARE NOT AN EXCUSE.  DON’T RISK A 50% DEDUCTION.  DON’T WAIT UNTIL THE LAST MINUTE.  START NOW.

NO PRINTING IN CLASS ON DUE DATE.  DON’T ASK!!!

_______________________________                  _____________________________ Student Signature         & Date                  Parent Signature & Date

ATTACH THIS FORM TO YOUR RESEARCH PAPER

ENGLISH IV  REVIEW SHEET

Turn this in filled out and receive up to 10 pts. on your mid-term. All the questions will come from this list and will be multiple-choice or matching.  Searching out these questions will provide you not only with extra points, but the answers to all questions that will appear on the test.  The sheet must be turned in before the test.  The test will have 50 questions and is worth 10% of your grade.

Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Periods

What was the name of the Roman missionary who established a monastery in Canterbury?

Which military expedition’s aim was to wrestle Jerusalem from Muslim control?

Which literary form was dominant during this time period?

During this time period what did people have a markedly strong belief in?

Who was crowned king in 1066?

What do you call a long narrative poem that celebrates a hero’s deeds?

Beowulf

In Beowulf, what is the name of Hrothgar’s great mead-hall?

How many men does Beowulf bring with him?

From whom is Grendel descended?

How long does Beowulf reign as King of the Geats?

Who helps Beowulf against the dragon?

The Canterbury Tales

Why are the pilgrims going to Canterbury?

For which social classes did Chaucer write?

What was Chaucer’s profession?

At what time of year does the pilgrimage take place?

How many Canterbury Tales are there?

How many tales did Chaucer originally envision each pilgrim telling?

Geoffrey Chaucer died in October, 1400. Where is he buried?

Who are the three men searching for in the Pardoner’s Tale?

What does “The Pardoner’s Tale” mainly warn against?

What is the Wife of Bath’s Prologue about?

According to the Wife of Bath, what do women most desire?

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

During whose reign does the poem take place?

Where is Gawain supposed to find the Green Knight?

What is the Green Knight’s real name?

How much time does Gawain have to locate the Green Knight?

Why does Gawain refuse the lady’s advances?

What is the name of the court where Gawain first meets the Green Knight?

What is Gawain’s relationship to King Arthur?

Why does Gawain take the lady’s green girdle?

Renaissance (minus Shakespeare’s plays and life)

Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard introduced what form of literature to England?

Why did Henry VIII divorce Catherine, his wife of eighteen years?

Which wife of Henry VIII was the mother of Elizabeth I?

Marlowe’s “The Passionate Sheppard to His Love” is a famous example of what kind of poetry?

Which romantic epic did Edmund Spenser dedicate to Elizabeth I?

Who wrote, “Come live with me and be my love”?

Which literary figure died in a bar fight at the age of 29?

How many lines are in a sonnet?

Which sonnet form has an octave and sestet?

Which sonnet compares ice and fire?

How many people could the original Globe Theater hold?

How was the first Globe Theater destroyed?

The current Globe Theater opened in 1997 to which play?

How many scholars and clergymen worked on the King James Bible?

In the King James Bible, which passage deals with the element of time?

In the “Parable of the Prodigal Son”, why does the son return home?

In metaphysical poetry what is meant by a paradox?

Who did John Donne write, “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” to?

In “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” to what does the poem compare the speaker and his love?

Who wrote, “To His Coy Mistress”?

The Cavalier poets supported the monarch and advocated carpe diem.  What does carpe diem mean?

Which poet lost his sight at the age of forty-three?

What do you call a literary writing that tells a surface story, but has a secondary meaning that is meant to convey some form of teaching or moral lesson?

Which poem is considered the first epic poem of the English language?

This writer was jailed for twelve years for violating the religious restrictions of the Church of England?

How to Read Literature Like a Professor

What is the real reason for a quest?

When O’Brien ‘s character falls through the road, which piece of literature is he comparing his story to?

What is the title of the musical based on Romeo and Juliet?

In literature, what does myth mean?

Which Victorian novelist is credited with the line, “It was a dark and stormy night”?

Which stratum of society does Edgar Allan Poe’s The Fall of the House of Usher deal with?

Which Hemingway character is seen as a Christ figure?

What is it called when a writer writes about sex and means strictly sex?

When characters go south, what does that generally mean?

In The Wasteland, which month is called the cruelest?

English III Mid-term Review

Turn this in filled out and receive up to 10 pts. on your mid-term. All the questions will come from this list and will be multiple-choice or matching.  Searching out these questions will provide you not only with extra points, but the answers to all questions that will appear on the test.  The sheet must be turned in before the test.  The test will have 50 questions and is worth 10% of your grade.

How to Read Literature Like a Professor

What is the real reason for a quest?

When O’Brien ‘s character falls through the road, which piece of literature is he comparing his story to?

What is the title of the musical based on Romeo and Juliet?

In literature, what does myth mean?

Which Victorian novelist is credited with the line, “It was a dark and stormy night”?

Which stratum of society does Edgar Allan Poe’s The Fall of the House of Usher deal with?

Which Hemingway character is seen as a Christ figure?

What is it called when a writer writes about sex and means strictly sex?

When characters go south, what does that generally mean?

In The Wasteland, which month is called the cruelest?

The Scarlet Letter – fill in chart (see handout)

The Scarlet Letter Questions (look at pink sheet and watch Rocketbook)

What is Hester’s crime?

According to Hester’s punishment, how long will she be forced to wear the scarlet letter?

The motif of the Black Man, or devil, is introduced in this chapter. What is Black Man also a metaphor for?

What reason does Hester give for not leaving her community?

How does Pearl feel about the scarlet letter?

How does Pearl react to other children when they taunt her?

During the meeting at the governor’s mansion, Wilson asks Pearl who made her. How does the child respond?

Which character argues in favor of Hester keeping Pearl?

What does Chillingworth believe is causing Arthur’s sickness?

How does Chillingworth react to seeing that Arthur has been hiding his own scarlet letter?

Dimmesdale’s public statements of self-hatred show  what about his character?

What phenomenon occurs when Arthur mounts the scaffold with Hester and Pearl?

Seeing to what extent Arthur Dimmesdale’s disintegration is due to Chillingworth’s actions, what does Hester regret having promised him?

Who does Chillingworth blame for his transformation into a fiend?

What does Pearl fashion from green seaweed while playing alongside the ocean?

When Pearl asks if Hester has ever met the Black Man, how does Hester respond?

During their forest meeting, what does Hester reveal to Arthur that causes him to collapse in horror?

During their meeting in the forest, how does Hester illustrate to Arthur that the past can be undone?

How does Pearl receive Dimmesdale’s kiss?

What is different about Hester as she arrives at the market place on Election Day?

What shocking news does the commander deliver to Hester?

When Pearl encounters the ship’s commander, what does he give her?

What does Arthur do after he makes his confession?

What becomes of Pearl?

The Crucible – fill in chart (look at handout)

The Crucible (look at yellow sheet and watch Rocketbook)

On what real events did Arthur Miller base the Crucible on?

Why does Reverend Parris fear his niece has fallen victim to witchcraft?

Why is Goody Putnam resentful of any woman with a healthy family?

According to Betty, why did Abigail drink blood the night before?

What is John Proctor guilty of?

What does Goody Nurse suggest about Betty and Ruth?

What is Proctor’s excuse for rarely attending church services?

Parris tells Hale about the events in the forest and the focus turns to Abigail. What does she say about Tituba?

Why does Elizabeth believe John is reluctant to charge Abigail?

Why does Mary feel justified in disobeying her boss?

Which of the Ten Commandments is John unable to remember?

Who is Elizabeth Proctor’s accuser?

When Giles storms the courtroom, how does Judge Danforth react?

Why does Giles Corey claim Putnam convinced his daughter to cry witchery upon George Jacobs?

On hearing John’s confession of his affair with Abigail, what does Danforth order?

Why does Elizabeth say that John is not an adulterer?

What is the news from the nearby town of Andover?

Why won’t Danforth pardon the remaining prisoners?

What did Giles say as he was pressed to death by stones?

What does Danforth plan to do with Proctor’s written confession?

Literature Book (up to 245)

Which of the Native American stories explains the absence of buffalo around the Columbia River.

Which of the Native American stories covers how the world was created?

Why did Columbus call the people of the New World Indians?

Define a secondary source.

What percentage of the Plymouth Colony died during the first winter?

What is the name of the Indian who helped the people of the Plymouth Colony?

How many years did William Bradford serve as governor?

What is the name of the captured African slave who wrote a popular autobiography?

What is the name of the first notable American poet?

In “Sinner’s in the Hands of an Angry God” what experience does Jonathan Edwards say man must have in order not to go to Hell?

Which university did Jonathan Edwards eventually become president of?

Group:

Do a ten minute scene from the play for the class (can use script).  Know the material.  This is to be acted out – not just read.

Provide a hand-out for the class:

*Background of play

*Characters

*Summary (by act)

*Five quotes

Individual:

Recite from your play a monologue of no less than eight lines.  MUST BE MEMORIZED.

Take quiz on your play.

Dates:

Reading Deadlines:

10/13 – Act I

10/14 – Act II

10/15 – Act III

10/16 – Act IV

10/19 – Act V

Play Deadline:

10/27 – Taming of the Shrew

– Romeo and Juliet

10/28 – A Midsummer Night’s Dream

– The Merchant of Venice

11/2    – As You Like It

-  Hamlet

11/3    – Macbeth

11/5 – Quiz

11/6 – Watch Othello

DICTIONARY SEARCH  - DUE 9/4

NAME____________________________________________                     PERIOD________                                        DATE_________

DICTIONARY SEARCH  – DUE 9/11

NAME____________________________________________                     PERIOD________                                        DATE_________

DICTIONARY SEARCH  – DUE 9/18

NAME____________________________________________                     PERIOD________                                        DATE_________

DICTIONARY SEARCH  – DUE 9/25

NAME____________________________________________                     PERIOD________                                        DATE_________

DICTIONARY SEARCH  – DUE 10/2

NAME____________________________________________                     PERIOD________                                        DATE_________

DICTIONARY SEARCH  – DUE 10/12 (later than usual)

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Due Date_________                                   Deductions________                                      Date Turned In_________

HRLP Chapter 21

Read  (Initial)__________                 Page Credits_______                                                          Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE (must be correct for credit):

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1. In literature scars and imperfections usually mirror moral, emotional, or psychological scars or imperfections.  List three characters that have scars or imperfections.

1. List three pieces of literature where characters make a pack with the devil.

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

Figure out Harry Potter’s scar. If you aren’t familiar with Harry Potter, select another character with a physical imperfection and analyze its implications for characterization.

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HRLP Chapter 20

Read  (Initial)__________                 Page Credits_______                                                          Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE (must be correct for credit):

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1. In literature the meaning of spring (three min.).

1. In literature, define the meaning of winter (three min.).

1. In The Wasteland, which month is called the cruelest?

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

Find a poem that mentions a specific season. Then discuss how the poet uses the season in a meaningful, traditional, or unusual way. (Submit a copy of the poem with your analysis.)

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HRLP Chapter 19

Read  (Initial)__________                 Page Credits_______                                                          Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE (must be correct for credit):

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1. When characters go south, what does that generally mean?

1. What does the flatland usually symbolize?

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

Discuss at least four different aspects of a specific literary work that Foster would classify under “geography.”

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HRLP Chapter 18

Read  (Initial)__________                 Page Credits_______                                                          Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE (must be correct for credit):

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1. Generally, what three things does baptism (submersion in water) represent in literature?

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

Think of a “baptism scene” from a significant literary work. How was the character different after the experience? Discuss.

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HRLP Chapter 17

Read (Initial)__________                 Page Credits_______                                 Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1. What is it called when a writer writes about sex and means strickly sex?

1. List three literary meanings often represented by sex.

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

Choose a novel or movie in which sex is suggested, but not described, and discuss how the relationship is suggested and how this implication affects the theme or develops characterization.

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HRLP Chapter 16

Read (Initial)__________                 Page Credits_______                                 Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1. Blame it on _____________________.

1. List three female sexual symbols in literature.

1. Which short story by Lawrence does Foster contend may have Oedipal elements?

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

In today’s society sex sells.  In literature sex is more veiled, but still present.  Discuss a piece of modern film or writing that actually hurt itself by making sex the star instead of the story line or characterizations.   Suggest ways in which a more subdued approach would have improved the work.

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HRLP Chapter 15

Read (Initial)__________                 Page Credits_______                                 Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1.  If a person is suspended in air, even briefly, it has meaning.  List three possible meanings.

2.   Flight is _______________________.

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

Select a literary work in which flight signifies escape or freedom. Explain in detail.

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HRLP Chapter 14

Read Introduction (Initial)__________                 Page Credits_______                                 Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1.  List three features that might make a character a Christ figure.

2.  Which Hemingway character is seen as a Christ figure?

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

Apply the criteria on page 119 to a major character in a significant literary work. Try to choose a character that will have many matches. This is a particularly apt tool for analyzing film — for example, Star Wars, Cool Hand Luke, Excalibur, Malcolm X, Braveheart, Spartacus, Gladiator and Ben-Hur.

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Due Date_________                                   Deductions________                                      Date Turned In_________

HRLP Chapter 13

Read  (Initial)__________                 Page Credits_______                                 Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1.   What is the name of the British social thinker who felt that helping the poor was a bad idea?

2.  What mixture does Foster call Ezra Pound’s politics?

3.  Which stratum of society does Edgar Allan Poe’s The Fall of the House of Usher deal with?

4.   In Mrs. Dalloway (1925) two political guests are invited to lunch.  What is her purpose?

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

Assume that Foster is right and “it is all political.”   Use his criteria to show that one of the works you have read in high school is political.

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HRLP Chapter 12

Read Introduction (Initial)__________                 Page Credits_______                                 Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1.   Symbols have one definite meaning in what type of writing?

2.  In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn the river is a road and the raft trip a quest.  What is                 gained by Huck?

3.   What other than objects and images can be symbolic?

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

Use the process described on page 106 and investigate the symbolism of the fence in “Araby.” (Mangan’s sister stands behind it.)

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Due Date_________                                   Deductions________                                      Date Turned In_________

HRLP Chapter 11

Read (Initial)__________                          Page Credits_______                                             Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1. Explain the two categories that violence falls into in literature.

2. They’re __________________________ only on the inside of the novel–on the outside they’re planned,                                                plotted, and executed by somebody, with malice aforethought.

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

Present examples of the two kinds of violence found in literature. Show how the effects are different.

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HRLP Chapter 10

Read (Initial)__________                 Page Credits_______                                 Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1.    Which Victorian novelist is credited with the line, “It was a dark and stormy night”?

2.    If you have a character walk through the rain to get somewhere, what are you most likely

tying to symbolically portray?

3.    What is the main function of the image of the rainbow?

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

Discuss the importance of weather in a specific literary work, not in terms of plot.

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HRLP Chapter 9

Read (Initial)__________                          Page Credits_______                                           Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1. In literature, what does myth mean?

2.    List three town or team names that come from Greek or Roman myths.

1. What four struggles of the human being are present in the story of Odysseus’s return

home?

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

Write a free verse poem derived or inspired by characters or situations from Greek mythology. Be prepared to share your poem with the class. Note that there are extensive links to classical mythology on the Internet.

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Due Date_________                                   Deductions________                                      Date Turned In_________

HRLP Chapter 8

Read (Initial)__________                           Page Credits_______                                          Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1.    Name two Slavic folktales that were made into Disney movies.

2.    We want____________________ in our stories, but we want ___________________________, too.

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

Think of a work of literature that reflects a fairy tale. Discuss the parallels. Does it create irony or deepen appreciation?

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HRLP Chapter 7

Read (Initial)__________                               Page Credits_______                                 Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1. In Toni Morrison’s Beloved, what are the four white men on horseback compared to Biblically?

2.    What Biblical personage is Grendal a descendent of?

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

Read “Araby” (available online). Discuss Biblical allusions that Foster does not mention. Look at the example of the “two great jars.” Be creative and imaginative in these connections.

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Due Date_________                                   Deductions________                                      Date Turned In_________

HRLP Chapter 6

Read (Initial)__________                       Page Credits_______                                    Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1. What is the title of the musical based on Romeo and Juliet?

2.    Quote three lines by Shakespeare.

3.    What two books did pioneer families usually have?

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

Discuss a work that you are familiar with that alludes to or reflects Shakespeare. Show how the author uses this connection thematically. Read pages 44-46 carefully. In these pages, Foster shows how Fugard reflects Shakespeare through both plot and theme. In your discussion, focus on theme.

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HRLP Chapter 5

Read (Initial)__________                 Page Credits_______                                 Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1. When O’Brien has his character fall through the road, which piece of literature is he comparing his story to?

1. John Gardner reworked the classic Beowulf into what postmodern masterpiece?

1. In which Shakespearean play does a character let her friends stage her death and funeral

in order to teach her fiancé a lesson?

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

Define intertextuality.   Discuss three examples that have helped you in reading specific works.

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Due Date_________                                   Deductions________                                      Date Turned In_________

HRLP Chapter 5

Read (Initial)__________                 Page Credits_______                                 Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1. When O’Brien has his character fall through the road, which piece of literature is he comparing his story to?

1. John Gardner reworked the classic Beowulf into what postmodern masterpiece?

1. In which Shakespearean play does a character let her friends stage her death and funeral

in order to teach her fiancé a lesson?

Option Three  (minimum of 100 words):

Define intertextuality.   Discuss three examples that have helped you in reading specific works.

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Due Date_________                                   Deductions________                                      Date Turned In_________

HRLP Chapter 4

Read  (Initial)__________                             Page Credits_______                                 Grade_______

Options must be completed correctly.  Less than minimum grade may be given for inferior work.

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1.     What is the line number and meter structure of a sonnet?

2.    What does Foster claim is true of short poems compared to long ones?

Option Three :

Select a sonnet and identify which form it is.   Discuss how the content reflects the form.

(Copy the sonnet and mark to show your analysis).

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Due Date_________                                   Deductions________                                      Date Turned In_________

HRLP Chapter 3

Read (Initial)__________                           Page Credits_______                                       Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1.    Name three things other than vampirism that vampires represent in literature.

2.    In what way does the Henry James’s Daisy Miller employ a figurative vampire?

Option Three (Minimum of 100 words):

What are the essentials of the Vampire story?  Apply this to a literary work you have read or viewed.

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Due Date_________                                   Deductions________                                      Date Turned In_________

HRLP Chapter 2

Read (Initial)__________                           Page Credits_______                                           Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1. In literature, whenever people eat or drink together – what is that called?

2.    In Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones (1749) what is the eating scene really about?

3.    In which story did the mother’s effort to get her family together for a meal only occur after

her death?

Option Three (Minimum of 100 words):

Choose a meal from a literary work and apply the ideas of Chapter 2 to this literary depiction.

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Due Date_________                                   Deductions________                                      Date Turned In_________

HRLP Chapter 1

Read (Initial)__________                            Page Credits_______                                              Grade________

SEE NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1. What is the real reason for a quest?

2.   What five elements make up the quest structure?

Option Three (Minimum of 100 words):

List the five aspects of the QUEST and then apply them to something you have read (or viewed0 in the form used on pages 3-5.

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Due Date_________                                   Deductions________                                      Date Turned In_________

HRLP Introduction

Read Introduction (Initial)__________                 Page Credits_______                                 Grade________

NO NOTES

CHOOSE YOUR GRADE:

70-79 – One option

80-89 – Two options

90-100 – All options

Option One: Write a minimum of a 25 word summary.

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Option Two:

1. In Lorraine Hanberry’s A Raisin in the Sun (1959) in what way would Walter Lee be selling his soul by accepting the check offered for his home?

1. List four conventions of poetry.

1. What three items separate the professional reader from the rest of the crowd?

Option Three (Minimum of 100 words):

How do memory, symbol, and pattern affect the reading of literature? How does the recognition of patterns make it easier to read complicated literature? Discuss a time when your appreciation of a literary work was enhanced by understanding symbol or pattern.

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